Plastic surgery
Plastic surgery is a broad field that encompasses both reconstructive and aesthetic (cosmetic) procedures. It involves the repair, restoration, or alteration of the body, often for functional or aesthetic purposes. Here are the main types of surgeries that fall under plastic surgery:
Reconstructive Plastic Surgery
Reconstructive surgery focuses on restoring form and function to body parts that have been damaged due to injury, disease, congenital conditions, or other factors.
- Breast Reconstruction: After mastectomy (breast cancer removal) or injury, this surgery aims to recreate the breast mound.
- Cleft Lip and Palate Repair: Surgical correction of cleft lip (a split in the upper lip) and cleft palate (a split in the roof of the mouth) in infants or children.
- Burn Surgery: Repair and restoration of skin and tissue after severe burns, which may involve skin grafting and other methods to improve both function and appearance.
- Hand Surgery: For congenital defects, injuries, or conditions like carpal tunnel syndrome, tendon injuries, or fractures.
- Microsurgery: Involves repairing or reattaching tissues like nerves, blood vessels, and muscles, often used in reconstructing fingers, ears, or other body parts.
- Trauma Surgery: Repairing damage to soft tissues, bones, and other structures after accidents, including fractures, lacerations, and internal injuries.
- Tumor Removal & Reconstruction: After removing cancerous tumors, plastic surgeons work to reconstruct the affected area, such as in cases of head and neck cancer or skin cancer.
Cosmetic (Aesthetic) Plastic Surgery
Cosmetic surgery focuses on enhancing, altering, or rejuvenating the appearance of specific body parts for aesthetic reasons.
- Facelift (Rhytidectomy): A surgery that reduces signs of aging by tightening the skin and underlying tissues of the face and neck.
- Rhinoplasty: Reshaping or resizing the nose, often done for cosmetic reasons or to improve breathing.
- Breast Augmentation: Enhancing the size or shape of the breasts through implants or fat transfer.
- Breast Reduction: Reducing the size of overly large breasts for aesthetic reasons or to alleviate physical discomfort.
- Tummy Tuck (Abdominoplasty): Removal of excess skin and fat from the abdomen, often after pregnancy or significant weight loss.
- Liposuction: Removal of excess fat from areas like the abdomen, thighs, buttocks, arms, or chin.
- Eyelid Surgery (Blepharoplasty): Removal of excess skin or fat around the eyelids, which can improve appearance and function.
- Botox and Dermal Fillers: Non-surgical procedures used to reduce wrinkles, fine lines, or facial volume loss.
- Chin Augmentation: Enhancing the size or shape of the chin to improve facial harmony.
- Otoplasty: Surgery to reshape or reposition ears that are large or protruding.
Craniofacial Surgery
These procedures focus on the head and face, often performed in children but also in adults to correct congenital or acquired conditions.
- Cranial Vault Reconstruction: Surgery to correct deformities of the skull, often seen in craniosynostosis (premature fusion of skull sutures).
- Facial Reconstruction: Repairing or rebuilding the face after traumatic injury, disease, or congenital deformities.
- Orthognathic Surgery: Correcting jaw misalignments that can affect both appearance and function (bite).
Hand and Microsurgery
This involves surgeries to restore function or aesthetics to the hands and smaller structures.
- Replantation: Reattaching severed fingers, hands, or limbs using microsurgical techniques.
- Carpal Tunnel Release: Alleviating symptoms of carpal tunnel syndrome, often done to prevent long-term damage to the nerves.
Dupuytren’s Contracture Surgery: Treating the hand condition where fingers bend toward the palm, causing stiffness and difficulty moving.
Scar Revision Surgery
This surgery aims to improve the appearance or function of scars, whether from surgery, injury, or burns.
Gender Affirming Surgery
- Male-to-Female (MTF) Surgery: Includes breast augmentation, facial feminization surgery, and genital reassignment surgery.
- Female-to-Male (FTM) Surgery: Includes chest reconstruction, phalloplasty (construction of the penis), and metoidioplasty (enhancement of the clitoris into a penis).
Reconstructive Surgery After Weight Loss
- Body Lift: After significant weight loss, excess skin from the abdomen, thighs, arms, and buttocks is removed.
- Post-Bariatric Surgery: Includes tummy tucks, thigh lifts, arm lifts, and breast lifts to address skin laxity after significant weight loss.
Plastic surgery procedures can be life-changing, helping individuals improve both function and appearance, whether for medical reasons or personal preferences.
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